Recognizing these fundamentally different depressive experiences has spurred a remarkably wide range of research, the development of assessment tools, and impressive strides in understanding the nature, etiology, and treatment of this far-reaching disorder. With clarity he traces the extensive systematic investigation of these two types of depression and the role of disturbances in mental representations. A closing chapter considers the implications of these theoretical formulations and research findings for understanding the nature of therapeutic process with depressed patients.